Evaluation of several measures of canopy openness as predictors of photosynthetic photon flux density in deeply shaded conifer-dominated forest understory

نویسندگان

  • José-Luis Machado
  • Peter B. Reich
چکیده

The ability to accurately estimate light levels in shaded environments is important for understanding plant adaptations to shade. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three rapid methods of estimating the long-term integrated percentage of above-canopy photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in a deeply shaded conifer-dominated forest understory. These methods included (i) hemispherical canopy photography, (ii) hemispherical sensors (LAI-2000), and (iii) instantaneous %PPFD. Transmitted PPFD was continuously measured starting in June and ending in November using photodiodes at 60 measurement points ranging from 1 to 50% PPFD. Measurements from all methods were positively and linearly related to the mean daily %PPFD measured for two different periods of the year (foliage on and foliage off). However, the strength of the relationship and closeness to a 1:1 fit was weaker for the hemispherical photograph technique. During the foliage-on period, the hemispherical sensor (LAI-2000) explained 90% of the variation in mean daily %PPFD, while the instantaneous %PPFD and hemispherical photography explained 88 and 67%, respectively. Moreover, when examining low-light conditions only (<6 %PPFD), hemispherical photographs failed to detect differences in %PPFD, while the other two techniques were nearly as effective in low light as across the entire light gradient. Résumé : La capacité d’estimer avec précision les niveaux d’intensité lumineuse dans les environnements ombragés est importante pour la compréhension de l’adaptation des plantes à l’ombre. Cette étude évalue l’efficacité de trois méthodes rapides d’estimation du pourcentage intégré à long terme de la densité du flux des photons photosynthétiques (DFPP) au-dessus de la canopée qui est transmis au sous-étage fortement ombragé d’une forêt dominée par les conifères. Ces méthodes incluent (i) la photographie hémisphérique de la canopée, (ii) les capteurs hémisphériques LAI-2000 et (iii) le pourcentage instantané de la DFPP. La DFPP transmise a été mesurée continuellement à partir de juin jusqu’en novembre en utilisant des photodiodes à 60 points de mesurage, allant de 1 à 50% de la DFPP. Les mesures faites avec toutes les méthodes sont reliées de façon linéaire et positive à la moyenne journalière du pourcentage de la DFPP déterminée pour deux périodes différentes de l’année (avec et sans feuillage). Toutefois, la force de cette relation et sa proximité d’un rapport 1 : 1 est plus faible dans le cas de la photographie hémisphérique. Durant la période avec feuillage, le capteur hémisphérique LAI-2000 expliquait 90% de la variation de la moyenne journalière du pourcentage de la DFPP, tandis que le pourcentage instantané de la DFPP et la photographie hémisphérique en expliquaient 88 et 67%, respectivement. Bien plus, lorsqu’on examine seulement des conditions de faible luminosité (<6% de la DFPP), les photographies hémisphériques ne détectent pas les différences dans le pourcentage de la DFPP, alors que les deux autres techniques sont presque aussi efficaces à faible luminosité qu’à travers tout le gradient de luminosité. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Note 1444

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تاریخ انتشار 1999